Some words in -er have feminine counterparts in -ress.1 And most words that end with -man can be feminized by changing it to -woman. But for any given word, the only way to tell whether such a feminized version exists is to look it up in the dictionary. In other words, you can’t really go about creating feminine equivalents of random occupational words; you can merely use feminine equivalents, if they exist.
So, generally the ending -ess means the feminine form. But I’ve never heard feminine forms for writer, programmer, designer etc. Is there a rule by which a native speaker would create feminine forms? Or is creating feminine forms simply not so important for native speakers?
« The hair is long and straight, but also black », So here the adjectives are independently modifying the noun (that is to say, they are coordinate adjectives), which means that using a comma is correct. (2) Does the sentence still make sense if the order of the adjectives in question is switched? I think the usage of these female nouns may be idiomatic. Idiomatic means that there is no firm grammar rule and you have to learn each one on a case-by-case basis. ‘Aviator’ is anybody operating an aircraft.
- I would leave out the redundant « got » and just say « I have long, straight, black hair. »
- In such a simple, unambiguous sentence it’s almost more readable without the commas though.
- An ‘aviator’ and a ‘pilot’ both refer to someone who can fly a plane.
- As with most things in English, no, there isn’t a general rule.
Is it always wrong to use, like, hunter for a female hunter too or sorcerer for a female sorcerer too and so on? I, personally, would assume the suffix ess fits well with titles given to a person of nobility. It probably comes down to what is pleasing to the listener.
How can i get the right suffix?
This includes at minimum the pilot and any co-pilots, but may also, depending on context, include any navigators, flight engineers, or any other flight crew responsible for actually operating the aircraft. In most modern usage, ‘aviator’ is not typically heard much outside of academic settings, and is generally considered borderline archaic People would normally attempt to use, if possible, a genderless word so as not to cause possible offence, It isn’t that important, and some words can’t be feminised, such as the ones mentioned in the question. But these are not rules you can count on because « protector » can become « protectress » and don’t even bother looking for « actrix » in your spell check dictionary!
Aviator is now a more old fashioned term for pilot. An ‘aviator’ and a ‘pilot’ both refer to someone who can fly a plane. Do native speakers really differentiate https://pin-up-download.in/ them in daily communication?
What’s the difference between ‘aviator’ and ‘pilot’?
With or without the commas, it’s unambiguous and completely understandable. In such a simple, unambiguous sentence it’s almost more readable without the commas though. As for whether to use commas, and if using them, where to place them– While all of these people were pilots (and some still are), many are also noted for contributions in areas such as aircraft design and manufacturing, navigation or popularization.
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- « Long, straight, black hair » would be correct in this instance due to the way a series of consecutive adjectives must be punctuated; a good way to determine this is if you would consider « long straight » one descriptor, or if you would say « long AND straight ».
- The same term is also used for the person responsible for steering a spacecraft, either in the maritime sense (as seen in a lot of science-fiction, such as in Star Trek), or in the aviation sense (as used by the US government currently, as well as seen in science-fiction).
- There are no rules for learning them without just learning each word as you discover it.
- For example feminine from waiter is waitress, from actor – actress, etc.
If the word ends in « -ter »then drop the -ter in favor of « -tress » Words with distinctly feminine forms are usually old. Words that signify an occupation that formerly was exclusively male, or didn’t exist in earlier times, seldom have feminine forms, and indeed, the use of feminine forms (even if they do exist) is dying out.
« The pilot » is the person in direct chrage of flying the aircraft. « A pilot » is a person qualified to assume such a role, or a person who frequently does so. The word « pilot » can also refer to a person who directs a ship or boat, or figuratively who directs anything. An « aviator » is a member of the crew of an aircraft. I agree that « aviator » is a bit more old-fashioned. In the past, the term ‘aviator’ could be applied to the pilot, the navigator, or the flight engineer.
Are feminine nouns ending with -ess the only proper option for females?
Personally I like the two comma version the best, of the ones given. Coordinating adjectives, which these are, should be separated by commas. Also, it coincides with normal conversational rhythm. No matter the order, it all adds up to « long straight black hair » « The hair is black and straight, but also long »?
The situation with long straight black hair is a little more complicated. It would not necessarily be incorrect to include one or two commas in this list of adjectives (as either « long, straight, black hair » or « long, straight black hair »), but in this particular situation, it is largely a matter of personal stylistic preference. « Long, straight, black hair » would be correct in this instance due to the way a series of consecutive adjectives must be punctuated; a good way to determine this is if you would consider « long straight » one descriptor, or if you would say « long AND straight ».
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If we switch it to She had a mobile new phone or She had a new and mobile phone, the meaning would be completely different. So in this case, the adjectives are NOT coordinate adjectives, and a comma should NOT be used. We cannot separate « mobile » from « phone » because the « mobile phone » forms a unit that « new » is modifying. Similarly, in the expression a Greek Orthodox priest, « Greek Orthodox » forms a unit that we cannot separate or change the order of; so no comma can be used between « Greek » and « Orthodox. » (1) Does the sentence still make sense if the word « and » is inserted between the two adjectives in question?
What’s the difference between ‘aviator’ and ‘pilot’?
For example feminine from waiter is waitress, from actor – actress, etc. Many suffixes get the same meaning,such as development,oppression,their suffixes both mean state,so how do I choose the right suffix without dictionary. The aviator took the controls and piloted the balloon through the storm. However, the use of the word « got » implies a more colloquial rendition, so I would not be totally against the non-comma version.
The -ment suffix is French, the -ion suffix is Latin, the -ing suffix is Germanic, and the -rix suffix is Celtic. There are no rules for learning them without just learning each word as you discover it. I would leave out the redundant « got » and just say « I have long, straight, black hair. »
How can i get the right suffix?
When it needs to be unambiguous, this sense is usually called an ‘aircraft pilot’, though it may be further qualified by the type of aircraft the pilot normally flies (for example ‘fighter pilot’, ‘cargo pilot’, or ‘bomber pilot’). When it needs to be unambiguous, this sense is usually called a ‘ship pilot’ or ‘maritime pilot’. This is because both « long », « straight », and « black » apply to the noun « hair » equally, regardless of order. When we have a specifically feminine version of a noun which ends with the -ess suffix, like in huntress, sorceress, anchoress, etc.
Adjective order and commas with « hair »
So in terms of the word order alone, long straight black is fine. I think that whether or not the female -ess noun is used just depends on whether or not native speakers use that word frequently in the language. If they don’t, then they use the male noun for both genders.
All of those directly responsible (in the air) for keeping an aircraft flying as intended. There are a few other suffixes that indicate female gender but the rules of spelling get even more obscure. Such as « farmer » becomes « farmerette » and « wolf » becomes « she-wolf ». Is there a general rule how to create feminine words?
If it would require an « and » to clarify the meaning, then a comma is needed. The general rule is that commas should be used to separate two or more adjectives that independently modify a noun. In more technical terms, commas are used between two or more « coordinate » adjectives that modify the same noun–« co-ordinate » in that they equally/independently modify the noun. The same term is also used for the person responsible for steering a spacecraft, either in the maritime sense (as seen in a lot of science-fiction, such as in Star Trek), or in the aviation sense (as used by the US government currently, as well as seen in science-fiction). There are a huge number of alternative noun phrases for this sense, based on what terminology is used for the spacecraft in question (for example ‘shuttle pilot’). The aviation industry directly borrowed the term from the maritime industry (and, originally on larger aircraft, did the same with term navigator).
The word actor is a gender neutral word that defines an occupation. I, personally, wouldn’t feminize any words that are gender neutral. As with most things in English, no, there isn’t a general rule.